# `Area`

An area, held in square metres to 6 places, written `12sqm` or `2ha`; a `Length` times a `Length`.

[Physical quantities](types.md#physical-quantities); ordered; since Jadpo 0.1.0.

## Make one

`text.parse(raw, as: Area)` reads one from its text; text that isn't one at all fails `malformed`, such as `5`, `""` or `1.2.3`.

These operations give one: `geo.area`, `units.of` and `units.sum`.

## Text, JSON and storage

`text.from` writes its canonical text, the one form `text.parse` reads back. JSON sends an object of its parts.

| Text | JSON |
|---|---|
| `0.5 sqm` | `{"value":"0.5","unit":"sqm"}` |
| `12 sqm` | `{"value":"12","unit":"sqm"}` |
| `10000 sqm` | `{"value":"10000","unit":"sqm"}` |

It is stored in one column named for the field, of type `numeric(38, 6)`, holding the area in square metres (m²). `12 sqm` is stored as `12`.

## Shown to people

`text.format(value, locale:)` shows it to people in their locale. A call may also give `unit:`.

With `locale: Locale.en_gb`:

| Value | Shown |
|---|---|
| `0.5 sqm` | `0.5 m²` |
| `12 sqm` | `12 m²` |
| `10000 sqm` | `10,000 m²` |

## Operations

- `geo.area(shape: T) -> Area`: A `Polygon`'s or `MultiPolygon`'s area on the ellipsoid, each edge a geodesic and each ring the smaller of the two sides it bounds, holes taken away, rounded half to even to the square millimetre.
- `units.in(value: Quantity, unit: QuantityUnit, scale: Int, rounding: Rounding) -> Decimal`: `value` in `unit`, a unit of its kind, as a `Decimal` of `scale` places rounded by `rounding`: `units.in(5km, LengthUnit.mile, scale: 2, rounding: Rounding.half_even)` is `3.11`.
- `units.of(value: Number, unit: QuantityUnit) -> Quantity`: `value` of `unit`, an `Int` or a `Decimal`, as the quantity of `unit`'s kind, converted exactly to the base unit and rounded half to even to the kind's scale: `units.of(5, LengthUnit.mile)`.
- `units.sum(items: List<Quantity>) -> Quantity`: The items added up, all of one kind; nothing for no items. A `Temperature` or a `SoundLevel` doesn't add to itself, so neither is summed.

Like every standard type, it also has the contract's own operations: `text.parse`, `text.from`, `text.format`, `json.read`, `json.write` and `==`. It is ordered, so `<` and sorting take it. [Every standard type meets one contract](../topics/every-standard-type-meets-one-contract.md) says how they work.