How the five languages compare

If you know TypeScript, a few of the standard library's choices will differ from what you expect:

• Text length counts code points, as max_length does, not UTF-16 units.
• There are no negative positions. To cut from the end, use keep_last(x, 2), not slice(-2).
• Rounding is named every time, with rounding:, never a hidden default.
• Exact decimals and Money, in minor units with a currency, are built in.
• list.sort_by(items, key) gives a new list, sorted by a key, never in place and never comparing as strings by default.
• Hashing, hash.sha256, is an ordinary call, not asynchronous, and password hashing is crypto.hash_password, Argon2id with no choices.

How TypeScript, Rust, Go, Elixir and Python each handle these jobs, and what Jadpo took from each, is in the design notes.